Friday, May 9, 2014

Cargolux and the Three Headed Dragon




































My Orchids. Phalaneopsis "Three Headed Dragon". Photo ET

Cargolux and the Three Headed Dragon

I hoped that the Cargolux story had reached a point of relative calm, though an uneasy calm, because of the lack of visibility, of a bad deal, (1) and of obvious uncertainties. I thought though that the story was moving in a pattern of circles, with repeating scenarios, with inadequate Luxembourg posture, where you had to wonder: is this incompetence, naiveté or worse? Whatever the response to that question is, fact is that the pattern of circles is tridimensional, and is actually a spiral downwards. Here is the wild ride:

1. The partnership with QR was poorly negotiated, and was a mistake.

Imagine, we sold 35% of a company that has 40 years of experience, the best qualified workforce in the industry,  the newest, large fleet of the best aircraft, major, major clients and a route network that is the envy of the other cargo airlines. How much did QR pay for those 35% in ownership? $117.5 million, and that is from QR, a competitor. Who came up with that miserable valuation?

Of course once onboard, QR slapped Boeing in the face, cannibalized clients and routes before going home with the loot, and the bad deal collapsed.

2. The partnership with HNCA was poorly negotiated, and turns out to be a mistake too.

There are too many perplexing hiccups in the HNCA partnership, as we discover day by day, for this venture to be successful. First of all, why did this deal mimic the QR deal, when it comes to the order of magnitude of CV's valuation? And other provisions, such as the right of the new minority shareholder to veto majority decisions? Then who can explain that surprising bait and  switch strategy away from HNA, that was bidding for the partnership, to HNCA? HNA is a Chinese airline from the wealthier coastal areas, HNCA is an economic development agency from a poor interior Province.

The Luxembourg government, a sovereign State, was negotiating with a sub-entity of a Chinese Province, and thus could be rebuked by both the Provincial government and vetoed by the Chinese central government? One had to expect that difficulties would arise from the fact that we were relying on the good grace of three (uncoordinated, or more machiavellian, coordinated) entities: the Chinese government, HNCA and Zhengzhou airport. We should have evaluated the realm of possibilities, when negotiating with a three-headed entity, and comprehend how these seemingly independent instances would play together. Instead, I'm afraid we believed in promises and assigned wishful good intentions to all three of them. Which is testimony to our fair minded and innocent approach.  Trust is good, but put it in writing. Who engineered this?

It becomes more unsettling even, if you consider that the former Luxembourg government, heavily criticized for its poor handling of  the Cargolux situation had framed this deal, and that Mr. Wiseler, Minister in charge made efforts to rush it through before the new government was in place. Incredibly, the new government actually almost  blindly supported it.

The rush to sign this deal remains mysterious, mostly considering the subsequent delays and still unresolved problems on the Chinese side. What takes them so long? Has Mr. Song's power and hence his new position been overvalued, if a piece of bureaucracy between the three heads is insurmountable? I would expect that a really credible and influential representative for CV could have resolved any bureaucratic bottleneck with a phone call. Instead of a new delay of 5 weeks for a flight that was anticipated on the Luxembourg side with almost childish expectation. In view of present developments, the rush might have been a costly mistake.

3. Is Cargolux check and mate?

We already know that HNCA has a veto right. We watched in awe how the inaugural flight scheduled in late April has been a flop, with a Luxembourg advance team headed by a Minister waiting in vain for CV to land in Zhengzhou.

The excuses about clerical and bureaucratic encumbrance don't fly. Because let's face it, there are not many choices as for the reasons: it is either incompetence that those things were not taken into account, or it is naiveté that things would be OK all by themselves, or that the new partner would be so obliging and well intentioned as we are, and bend backwards to get rid of any obstacle in our way. And hopefully, there is no worse reason such as corruptive expectations, still quite common in the area, and the accompanying retaliation if one does not oblige.

I would warn that this last one comes to mind again, when we hear about another surreptitious event on behalf of the Chinese side, that comes like a warning shot across our bow: The signing with an airport to airport agreement with Hahn. And then with Leipzig. Signed by people in the know, because involved with both, the Zhengzhou airport and the Cargolux Board. No one should even dare to explain that we should be schizophrenic about this, that it is unrelated, because HNCA is not the same entity as the airport. Everyone and everything is related to the State in a directed economy.

By the way, why isn't there a similar agreement with the Luxembourg airport? Why would it be needed, or not needed?

4. What is the way out?

So far none. CV is check and mate. CV has lost its freedom of action. HNCA has veto power.

If all these disturbing actions get no good explanation, even then a QR bis, a divorce and the unwinding of the HNCA deal is unlikely. Why would HNCA ever want this to happen? They won a pretty good deal, their obligations are minimal, and they can and do ratchet up pressure by creating foreseeable problems, and invoking alternatively either the Province, or the airport, or Beijing as the source of the problem. HNCA was and is playing chess, our guys marbles.

There are only two satisfactory ways out:

The first one is that the Chinese side finally plays nice, and performs according to the Luxembourg phantasm of an idyllic partnership. And HNCA forgets that Luxembourg forgot to get a non compete agreement in place.

The second one is that CV diversifies its own partners, if that can be done without a veto from HNCA. Or create a new Luxembourg JV "Luxcargo", with the Luxembourg stakeholders in CV, if HNCA continues to be a problem. Maybe now is the time to look around for other carriers for CV to take over, as some went out of business, or others may be available. In the US it is well known that might actually be the case for Martinair, cargo activities of which have become redundant with KLM's and Air France's cargo capacity on full bodied passenger planes such as the A 380. Others are confronted with similar strategic challenges, a possible opportunity for CV.

5. The standalone option

If the Chinese partnership fails, an escape forward as indicated would be costly. But it would be the price to pay to preserve the concept of the great Luxembourg logistics center. Two past questionable partnerships would plead this time for a standalone.

But, remember the many theories and demonstrations advanced  in the past to show that a standalone was not possible?  Including the argument, that the European regulations did not allow the government to remain a shareholder, and that turned out to be a lie? Apart from the fact that once in a while, we have to fight the European Commission's unreasonable pushiness, it remains a lie, as the State remains as a shareholder even today. Or maybe we finally just pushed back successfully. In both cases, a false argument eliminated the most viable solution in the past.

Also doubting the survivability of a standalone is a myth. CV did not do well with a partner, QR in 2012. As a standalone last year it did well. OK some old engines were sold and contributed to the numbers. But maybe we could have a look at Profit and Loss in the first quarter of 2014, or the first four months, to verify how everything worked out until the best managers left. Adjust for seasonality. I'm sure OGBL will see those numbers in an upcoming feel good meeting with the Minister of Transportation, who might give up his obsession with a new tramway system for Luxembourg City, at a cost of almost half a billion Euros. Budget those for CV's survival.







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